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2. “Adam Smith on the Rich and the Poor.” Adam Smith Works, www.adamsmithworks.org/documents/martin-smith-rich-poor-just-sentiments. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.
3. Adams, John. Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, Post 12 May 1780, 12 May 1780, www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=L17800512jasecond.
4. Americansforthearts, www.americansforthearts.org/sites/default/files/images/2018/reports-and-data/research-studies-publications/public-opinion-poll/Public%20Opinion%20FLORIDA.pdf. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
5. “Art Is Work.” American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 10 Mar. 2023, www.amacad.org/publication/art-is-work.
6. “Arts and Crafts: An Introduction · V&A.” Victoria and Albert Museum, www.vam.ac.uk/articles/arts-and-crafts-an-introduction. Accessed 8 Mar. 2024.
7. Arts Council Great Britain Annual Report, ACGB.
8. Barron, Christopher. Welsh National Opera. 09 Feb. 2024
9. Baumol, William J., and William G. Bowen. “Performing Arts. the economic dilemma. A study of problems common to theater, opera, music and dance. New York, the Twentieth Century Fund, 1966, XVI p. 582 P.,$ 7.50.” Recherches Économiques de Louvain, vol. 37, no. 3, Oct. 1966, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800055287.
10. Boucoyannis, Deborah. “Contrary to Popular and Academic Belief, Adam Smith Did Not Accept Inequality as a Necessary Trade-off for a More Prosperous Economy.” London School of Economics, 18 Feb. 2014, blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/adam-smith-and-inequality/.
11. Bridge, Kat. Siobhan Davies Studios Interview. 08 Feb. 2024.
12. “Case for Change.” Arts Council England, Arts Council England, 12 July 2022, www.artscouncil.org.uk/lets-create/strategy-2020-2030/case-change.
13. Chimutengwende, Seke. Individual Artist Interview. 13 Feb. 2024.
14. Cohen. “NEA Budget Losses.” Americans for the Arts, 28 Mar. 2019, www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/reports-and-data/legislation-policy/naappd/nea-budget-losses.
15. Cohen. “Sources of Revenue for Nonprofit Arts & Cultural Organizations.” Americans for the Arts, 15 Mar. 2021, www.americansforthearts.org/by-program/reports-and-data/legislation-policy/naappd/sources-of-revenue-for-nonprofit-arts-cultural-organizations.
16. College, Ursinus. Choosing the Right Steps: Management Decisions of Dance Businesses. 25 Apr. 2015, digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=bus_econ_hon. Accessed 9 Mar. 2024.
17. Cooper, Michael. “Jessica Lang Dance to Disband in April, after 7 Seasons.” New York Times, 11 Sept. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/11/19/arts/jessica-lang-dance-to-disband-in-april-after-7-seasons.html. Accessed 23 Mar. 2024.
18. Dammers, Katy. Interview. 14 Jan. 2024.
19. “Dance:Structure - Vault.” Vault.com, vault.com/industries/dance/structure.
20. Davis, John. “Monarchy’s Moderniser: Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.” HRP Blogs, 26 Aug. 2019, blog.hrp.org.uk/curators/monarchys-moderniser/.
21. Data Expert, Anonymous. National Dance Organization Interview. 28 Feb. 2024
22. Deakin, Jonathan, et al. “Assessing the Direct Impact of the UK Arts Sector: United Kingdom.” McKinsey & Company, McKinsey & Company, 20 Nov. 2023, www.mckinsey.com/uk/our-insights/assessing-the-direct-impact-of-the-uk-arts-sector.
23. Dempsey, Noel. “Arts Funding: Statistics - UK Parliament.” House of Commons Library, House of Commons Library, 27 Apr. 2016, researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7655/CBP-7655.pdf.
24. Derbyshire-Fox, Fleur, and Patrick Harrison. English National Ballet Interview 1. 13 Feb. 2024.
25. Di Novo, Dr Salvatore, and Eliza Easton. “A New Deal for Arts Funding in England?” Creative Industries Evidence and Policies Centre, Newcastle University, 12 Jan. 2023, https://pec.ac.uk/blog_entries/a-new-deal-for-arts-funding-in-england/. Accessed 10 Mar. 2024.
26. Doeser, James. “Funding the Arts through the National Lottery Is Not a Winning Solution.” The Art Newspaper - International Art News and Events, The Art Newspaper - International art news and events, 28 Sept. 2021, www.theartnewspaper.com/2018/10/18/funding-the-arts-through-the-national-lottery-is-not-a-winning-solution.
27. Doeser, James. “Who Better Supports Artists - Americans or Brits?” Artsy, ArtMarket, 27 Dec. 2016, www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-who-better-supports-artists-americans-brits .
28. Duffy, Ali. “How Women Leaders of U.S. Dance Organizations Integrate Unique Leadership Approaches and Artistic Strategies to Increase Their Impact as Leaders and Benefit Their Organizations.” The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 17 Nov. 2021, pp. 1–19, https://doi.org/10.1080/10632921.2021.1997846.
29. Fuhrer, Margaret. “Choreographers Make Their Own Kind of Administrative Dance.” New York Times, 23 Aug. 2023, www.nytimes.com/2023/08/26/arts/dance/creative-administration-research-akron.html. Accessed 12 Dec. 2023.
30. Garafola, Lynn, and Eric Foner. Dance for a City: Fifty Years of the New York City Ballet. Columbia University Press, 1999.
31. Gifts of the Muse: Reframing the Debate about the Benefits ..., www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG218.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar. 2024.
32. Gregory, Betsy and Beazley, Toby. Siobhan Davies Interview 2. 08 Feb. 2024
33. Hansford, Colette. Hofesh Shechter Interview. 09 Feb. 2024
34. Harvey, Adrian. “FUNDING ARTS AND CULTURE IN A TIME OF AUSTERITY.” Arts Council England, Apr. 2016.
35. Hauptman, William. “The Suppression of Art in the Mccarthy Decade.” Artforum, Artforum, 26 Sept. 2023, www.artforum.com/features/the-suppression-of-art-in-the-mccarthy-decade-214149/.
36. Heimans, Jeremy, and Henry Timms. New Power: How Power Works in Our Hyperconnected World- and How to Make It Work for You. Vintage Canada, 2019.
37. Herbert, Martin. “Public Retraction: British Arts Funding.” Artforum, Artforum, 26 Sept. 2023, www.artforum.com/features/public-retraction-british-arts-funding-187875/.
38. A History of the Tax-Exempt Sector: An SOI Perspective, www.irs.gov/pub/irs-soi/tehistory.pdf. Accessed 17 Mar. 2024.
39. Hollington, Jim. Dance Base Interview 1. 11 Feb. 2024.
40. “How Non-Profit Theatres Are Trying to Save Themselves. And the Theatre Industry.” Playbill, 2024, playbill.com/article/how-non-profit-theatres-are-trying-to-save-themselves-and-the-theatre-industry#:~:text=It%27s%20easy%20to%20pinpoint%20the. Accessed 23 Mar. 2024.
41. “How the Arts Council Will Change.” Arts Council England, 5 June 2023, www.artscouncil.org.uk/lets-create/delivery-plan-2021-2024/themes-actions/how-arts-council-will-change.
42. “How the Wealthy Gaslight America.” YouTube, YouTube, 26 Dec. 2023, www.youtube.com/watch?v=iifU7rF0hVc.
43. “Industrial Revolution.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 8 Feb. 2024, www.britannica.com/event/Industrial-Revolution.
44. In the Arts, Grantmakers. “A Conversation on Capitalization during Changing Times.” Presentation Sponsored by the Howard Gilman Foundation, 21 Feb. 2024. Accessed 23 Mar. 2024.
I did not attend this live, but instead was given access to the slides.
45. “Joffrey Ballet Cuts 2‐year Tie with Rebekah Harkness Fund; Leader of Troupe Rejects ‘ultimatum’ to Name It after Foundation and ’Vague Assurances’on Control.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 Mar. 1964, www.nytimes.com/1964/03/18/archives/jolfrey-ballet-cuts-2year-tie-with-rebekah-harkness-fund-leader-of.html.
46. Kaufman, Sarah L. “The Pandemic Was the Final Blow for Some Dance Companies. How Do the Survivors Stay Nimble?” Washington Post, 29 Oct. 2021, www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/theater_dance/dance-companies-folded-pandemic/2021/10/28/d1466e98-36a8-11ec-9bc4-86107e7b0ab1_story.html.
47. Kisselgoff, Anna. “Has the Dance Boom Run Its Course.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 Mar. 1985, www.nytimes.com/1985/03/03/arts/dance-view-has-the-dance-boom-run-its-course.html.
48. Kordas, Ann. “6.3 Capitalism and the First Industrial Revolution.” World History, Volume 2, https://openstax.org/details/books/world-history-volume-2. Accessed 8 Mar. 2024.
49. Lawrence, Steven. “Arts Funding at Twenty-Five - Grantmakers in the Arts.” Grantmakers in the Arts, Jan. 2018, www.giarts.org/sites/default/files/29-1-arts-funding-at-twenty-five.pdf.
50. “Letters: Loosening London’s Grip on the Arts.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 20 Mar. 2001, www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2001/mar/20/london.
51. “The Life of Queen Victoria and Her Family.” Royal Museums Greenwich, www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/life-queen-victoria-her-family#:~:text=While%20Victoria%20is%20seen%20as,the%20world%20Britain’s%20technological%20achievements. Accessed 8 Mar. 2024.
52. McCarthy, Kevin, et al. The Performing Arts in a New Era, 2001, https://doi.org/10.7249/mr1367.
53. “Melvyn Bragg: ‘The Arts Are Not the Cherry on the Cake - They Are the Cake.’” YouTube, YouTube, 3 Feb. 2024, www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCV-3MUx3dI.
54. NAHIGIAN, CHANDLER. “Reframing Welfare in Light of Adam Smith’s ...” Gould School, 23 June 2021, gould.usc.edu/why/students/orgs/ilj/assets/docs/30-1-Reframing-Welfare-in-Light-of-Adam-Smiths.pdf.
55. “National Endowment for the Arts Appropriations History.” National Endowment for the Arts, www.arts.gov/about/appropriations-history. Accessed 9 Mar. 2024.
56. National Lottery Project Grants Are Changing - Arts & Health South ..., www.ahsw.org.uk/funding/national-lottery-project-grants-is-changing/. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
57. “National Lottery Statutory Framework.” Gambling Commission, www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/public-and-players/page/national-lottery-statutory-framework. Accessed 18 Mar. 2024.
58. Nears, Colin. “Jane Nicholas Obituary .” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 17 Apr. 2019, www.theguardian.com/global/2019/apr/17/jane-nicholas-obituary.
59. Nimerichter, Jodee. American Dance Festival Interview. 21 Feb. 2024.
60. Opposition: A History of Social Dance In America.” Opposition: A History of Social Dance in America -- AAS Online Exhibition, www.americanantiquarian.org/Exhibitions/Dance/opposition.htm. Accessed 16 Mar. 2024.
61. “Our History.” Arts Council England, 3 Nov. 2022, www.artscouncil.org.uk/our-organisation/our-history.
62. Peacock, Alan. “Public financing of the arts in England.” The Economics of Public Spending, 20 Mar. 2003, pp. 341–372, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260324.003.0010.
63. People and Society Arts and Culture Value, www.artscouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/download-file/The_value_of_arts_and_culture_to_people_and_society_an_evidence_review.pdf. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024.
64. “The Political Impacts of the American Industrial Revolution.” TheCollector, 21 Aug. 2023, www.thecollector.com/american-industrial-revolution-political-impacts/.
65. “Public Works of Art Project.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/topic/Public-Works-of-Art-Project. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.
66. Published by Statista Research Department, and Nov 23. “Arts Council England: Organizations’ Income Breakdown 2023.” Statista, 23 Nov. 2023, www.statista.com/statistics/419520/funded-arts-organisations-income-distribution-england-uk/.
67. “Raising the Barre: - National Endowment for the Arts.” National Endowment for the Arts, Aug. 2003, www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/RaisingtheBarre.pdf.
68. Rosenzweig, Phil. “What Makes Strategic Decisions Different.” Harvard Business Review, 9 Dec. 2015, hbr.org/2013/11/what-makes-strategic-decisions-different.
69. Segundo, Shakira. “Dance Comeback: The Impact of COVID-19 on the Dance Field and the Future of Dance.” Dance/USA, 13 Aug. 2021, www.danceusa.org/ejournal/2021/08/13/dance-comeback-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-the-dance-field-and-the-future-of-dance.
70. Smith, Emma. Dance Base Interview 2. 8 Mar. 2024.
71. SMU Data Arts, Dance/USA. “Discussing Dance Data: Impact of the Pandemic on the Financial Structures of Nonprofit Dance Organizations. .” Dance/USA Webinar, 6 Mar. 2024. Accessed 6 Mar. 2024.
72. Spalding, Alistair Sir. Sadler’s Wells Theatre Interview. 09 Feb. 2024
73. “Some 30% of British Adults ‘don’t Know How to Be’ Artistic, Finds Poll.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 30 Sept. 2020, www.independent.co.uk/news/british-adults-creativity-artistic-cooking-photography-hobbies-b716443.html.
75. “The Story of Theatre · V&A.” Victoria and Albert Museum, www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-story-of-theatre. Accessed 8 Mar. 2024.
76. Umanoff, Nancy. Mark Morris Dance Group Interview. 27 Feb. 2024.
77. Uttyerhoeven, Lise Dr. The Place Interview. 04 March 2024.
78. Waleson, Heidi. Mad Scenes and Exit Arias: The Death of the New York City Opera and the Future of Opera in America. Picador, 2019.
79. Waters, Darren. “Entertainment | US Arts Face ‘devastating’ Cuts.” BBC News, BBC, 12 June 2003, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2978936.stm.
80. Watts, Graham. “Arts Council England Funding: Winners and Losers in Dance.” Bachtrack, Bachtrack Ltd, 6 Nov. 2022, bachtrack.com/news-arts-council-england-funding-dance-winners-and-losers-november-2022#:~:text=75%20dance%20companies%20were%20announced,7.5%25%20of%20the%20funded%20organisations.
81. Whannel, Garry, and Deborah Philips. The Trojan Horse: The Growth of Commercial Sponsorship. Bloomsbury, 2015.
82. “What We Value: American Opinions about the Work of Artists.” American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 11 Feb. 2023, www.amacad.org/news/american-opinions-about-artists.
83. Whitewoods, Crys. English National Ballet Interview 2. 13 Feb. 2024.
84. Whittenburg, Zachary. “The Economics of Dance—Dance’s Future according to the Numbers.” Dance Magazine, 26 Feb. 2024, www.dancemagazine.com/dance-economics/?utm_source=The+Dance+Edit&utm_campaign=18640079ae-TheDanceEdit20201119_COPY_05&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_71d672be74-18640079ae-69708450. Accessed 23 Mar. 2024.
85. “WPA Federal Art Project.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., www.britannica.com/topic/WPA-Federal-Art-Project. Accessed 13 Mar. 2024.